A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Information Education Communication package on Knowledge regarding early detection and Prevention of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls in a selected college at Kolar Gold Fields, Karnataka

Jhansi Rani. R¹, Indira Joseph²

¹M. Sc. Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing, Sambhram College of Nursing, BEML Nagar K.G.F

²Principal, HOD OBG Nursing Department, Sambhram College of Nursing, BEML Nagar K.G.F

*Corresponding Author E-mail: jansir97@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), or Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is a common endocrine disorder in women, characterized by chronic oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. It affects women of reproductive age, The Symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth, acne, pelvic pain, and infertility. While PCOS cannot be prevented, early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce long-term complications. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of information education communication package on knowledge regarding early detection and prevention of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls. The Objective of this study is to administer and determine the effectiveness of Information Education Communication package and To find out association between post-test level of knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, This study uses a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design without a control group, conducted at Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain First Grade PU College, with a sample of 100 participants selected through convenient sampling. Structured teaching questionnaire was used for the data collection. The gathered data were analyzed using Descriptive and Inferential statistics, applying the t-test to measure the effectiveness of the information education communication package on knowledge of PCOS in adolescent girls. The pre-test mean score was 11.31, and the post-test mean score was 29.78, yielding a mean difference of 18.47. The t-value was 39.38, significant at p<0.001, indicating the package effectively enhanced knowledge about PCOS.

KEYWORDS: POCS, Stein Leventhal syndrome, Hyperandrogens, Rotterdam Criteria, Modified Ferryman Fallway Score.

INTRODUCTION:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), or Stein-Leventhal syndrome,¹ The term polycystic ovarian diseases were first described by Irving Stein and Michael as trait of 'amenorrhea, 'obesity, and 'hirsutism in 1935 when they observed the relation between obesity and reproductive disorder.² The incidence of PCOS among adolescents is estimated to be between 11% and 26% and about 50% are overweight.³ The diagnosis of PCOS is one of the most critical issues in the field of women's health care, according to the clinical characteristics; PCOS is classified into different phenotypes. The diagnosis primarily criteria for diagnostic of PCOS, NIH National Institute of Health include all of these: Hyperandrogenism and or Hyperandrogenaemia, Oligo-Ovulation, Exclusion of related disorder, ESHRE/ASRM, oligo or anovulation, clinical and or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, Androgens excess society includes all of the following: Hirsutism and or Hyperandrogenaemia, oligo-anovulation and or polycystic ovaries, Exclusion of androgen excess or related disorder. Bio-chemical hyperandrogenism use calculated free testosterone, free androgen index or calculated bio-available testosterone in diagnosis, USG and Polycystic ovarian morphology: ultrasound should not be used for the diagnosis of PCOS in those with a gynecological age of < 8 years due to the high incidence of multi-follicular ovaries in this life stage. The trans vaginal ultrasound approach is preferred in the diagnosis of PCOS, if acceptable to the individual being assessed.⁴

In patient with irregular menstrual cycles and hyperandrogensim an ovarian ultrasound is not necessary for PCOS diagnosis;⁵ however, ultrasound will identify the complete PCOS phenotype.⁶ The study revealed that 76% of the samples were with average knowledge. It begins as early as in teenagers and mostly effects adult ovarian girls of childbearing age. The establishment of a regular menstrual cycle is an important process for an adolescent girl. Although PCOS is a common disorder, the diagnosis may be overlooked during adolescence, as irregular menses with anovulatory cycles, obesity, and acne are frequent in adolescent women.⁷

The prevalence of PCOS amount then was 22.7% to detect a possible case of PCOS. A majority of the study participants was unaware of PCOS. The source of knowledge of PCOS was majorly teachers, followed by doctors, the internet, and friends.⁸ Lack of knowledge and the negative lifestyle attitude towards PCOS among college girls and not taking any measures to improve this-lifestyles is obscured by the investigation that these college girls can be helped by assessing their knowledge and with a view to change their lifestyle by providing necessary information. The research has a pivotal role in creating awareness among adolescent girls about how to detect the symptoms and prevention of PCOS to be taught in order to prevent further complications of PCOS.

Hence the researcher felt that information education and communication package will be an effective teaching strategy to impart knowledge of adolescent girls regarding PCOS.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

The current research adopted an evaluative methodology deemed appropriate for its objectives. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design,⁹ which does not include a control group, was selected for this study. The independent variable is Information Education and Communication (IEC) related to the early detection and prevention of polycystic ovarian syndrome, while the dependent variable is the participants' knowledge level on these topics. The research was carried out at Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain First Grade PU College in K.G.F., Karnataka, targeting adolescent girls enrolled in the institution. The sample consisted of females aged 16 to 19 years, selected through a convenient sampling method, totaling 100 participants. To meet the study's aims, a structured knowledge questionnaire was employed, where each correct answer received one point and incorrect answers received none, resulting in a maximum score of 38 and a minimum of zero. On the initial day, the study's purpose was explained to the participants through self-introduction before they completed the pre-test questionnaire, which took approximately 15 to 20 minutes. Subsequently, an Information Education and Communication Package on the early detection and prevention of polycystic ovarian syndrome was presented for 45 minutes using PowerPoint, a blackboard, and charts. On the seventh day, the same questionnaire was administered again, requiring participants 10 to 15 minutes to complete. The data collected were analyzed in accordance with the study's objectives, utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS:

Section 1: Data on demographic variables of adolescent girls.

In the present study a total of 100 adolescence girls PUC students participated. The majority of 58(58%) adolescent girls are 16 years old. In terms of religion, 62 (62%) identify as Muslim. Regarding family structure, 62(62%) of these girls come from nuclear families. When considering their living environment, 86 (86%) reside in rural areas. In terms of educational background, 49(49%) are enrolled in PCMB courses. Concerning body weight, 53(53%) of the girls weigh between 40-45 kg. Dietary habits indicate that 83(83%) are non-vegetarians, and 91(91%) express a preference for junk food. Additionally, 36(36%) consume non-vegetarian food on a weekly basis. The age of menarche for 78 (78%) of the girls falls between 12 and 14 years. Furthermore, 75(75%) experience irregular menstrual cycles, and 46(46%) report painful menstruation. Notably, 87(87%) of the adolescent girls are unaware of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Section II: Data on assessment of level of knowledge among adolescent girls.

Table 1: Pre test and post test knowledge level of adolescence girls

N=100

Knowledge Level	Pre. Knowledge		Post. Knowledge
	Frequency	Percent	Frequency	Percent
Inadequate	100	0	02	2
Moderate	0	0	40	40.0
Adequate	0	0	58	58.0
Total	100	100.0	100	100

The above table 1 in pretest table shows that majority 100(100%) had inadequate knowledge and in post test table shows that majority 58(58%) had adequate knowledge, 40(40%) had moderate knowledge and only 2(2%) had inadequate knowledge.

Section III: Data on effectiveness of Information Education Communication on level of knowledge regarding Early Detection and Prevention of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls.

The table 2 reveals that the difference between pre-test mean and post-test mean is significant. (t=39.388, df=99, p< 0.001). The educational intervention has helped them in increasing their knowledge regarding Early Detection and Prevention of Polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls.

Section IV: Association Between The Post-Test Level Of Knowledge Among Adolescent Girls With Their Selected Demographic Variables.

Table 2: Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean Difference and ‘t’ Value of Pre-Test and Post-Test Level of Knowledge among Adolescent Girls                                                                                                                                                                                                                 N=100

Knowledge aspects		Paired differences
		Mean	SD	SEM	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference		t	Df	P value
					Lower	Upper
Pair 1	Pre-Knowledge
		-18.470	4.689	0.469	-19.400	- 17.540	- 39.388	99	< 0.001
	Post Knowledge

Table 3: Frequency, Percentage Distribution and χ2 Value of Post-test Level of knowledge Among Adolescent girls with their Selected Demographic Variables N=100

Demographic Variables		LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE POST-TEST			Chi-square Value	Df	P-Value
		Inadequate Knowledge	Moderate Knowledge	Adequate Knowledge
		Count	Count	Count
Age	16	0	21	37	8.239	4	0.083
	17	2	16	21
	18	0	3	0
Religion	Christian	0	9	8	4.764	6	0.574
	Hindu	2	21	39
	Muslim	0	9	11
	Others	0	1	0
Type of Family	Extended	0	2	4	2.091	6	0.911
	Joint	1	14	18
	Nuclear	1	25	36
Habitant	Rural	0	8	6	2.165	2	0.339
	Urban	2	32	52
Education	CEBA	0	2	3	14.781	6	0.022*
	HEBA	2	6	5
	PCMB	0	18	31
	PCMC	0	14	19
Weight in KG	30-35	0	7	6	4.0701	6	0.667
	40-45	1	17	35
	50-55	1	13	13
	60-65	0	3	4
Dietary Pattern	Non-vegetarian	2	29	52	5356	2	0.069
	Vegetarian	0	11	6
Like of junk foods	Yes	2	34	55	2.994	2	0.224
	No	0	6	3
Intake of Non-vegetarian	Vegetarian	0	5	2	11.667	6	0.070
	Weekly once	0	9	27
	Weekly twice	1	8	15
	Weekly thrice	1	18	14
Age of Menarche	9-11	1	5	6	3.891	6	0.691
	12-14	1	32	45
	14-15	0	4	6
Menstrual Cycle	Irregular	0	15	10	5.862	2	0.056*
	Regular	2	25	48
Menstrual associated problems	Heavy menstruation	0	7	8	4.239	8	0.835
	No, problem	0	9	13
	Painful menstruation	2	16	28
	Scanty discharge	0	8	8
	Others	0	0	1
Source of information	Yes	0	1	12	7.230	2	0.027*
	No	2	39	46

Table 3 reveals that the Post-test level of knowledge regarding early detection and prevention of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls was statistically significantly associated with Education, History of Menstrual cycle and source of information (Education: chi-square=14.761, df=6, P=0.022, Menstrual Cycle: Chi-square-5.865, df=2, P=0.056, and source of information: Chi-square=7.230, DF=2, P=0.027

DISCUSSION:

In the present study confirmed that there was considerable improvement of knowledge after the administration of information education communication on polycystic ovarian syndrome and it is also statistically established as significant at p< 0.001 level. The Study revealed that overall pre test mean knowledge score was 11.31% and post test score was 29.78% with 18.470% mean knowledge enhancement the overall means knowledge course during pre test is 11.31 and 29.78 in the post test. The Social Demographic variables varies in the present study as age, religion, type of family, habitant, weight in Kg, dietary patterns, liking of food, non- vegetarians’ food consumption, age of menarche, menstrual disorder were found to be no significant education, menstrual cycle and source of information were found to be significant associated with the weakest knowledge case with 0.001 level.

The above results were supported by a similar study conducted at Sikkim This study evaluated the understanding of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and self-preventive strategies among nursing students in Sikkim. Conducted at Sikkim Manipal College of Nursing, results showed that 78% of participants were aged 20-21, and all had inadequate knowledge of PCOS, with a mean score of 14.97 out of 32. A significant correlation was found between demographic factors, particularly sources of information (41.6%), and knowledge level (P≤0.05)

There was a significant improvement in knowledge scores among the PUC adolescence girls after conducting the information education communication package regarding early detection and prevention of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Thus, H₁ hypothesis is accepted. The H₂ is accepted for significant association found between post-test knowledge score and the socio demographic variables such as education, Menstrual cycle and source of information at p<0.001

CONCLUSION:

This chapter presents the conclusion drawn, implications, limitations, suggestions and recommendations. The focus of this study was to assess the Information Education and Communication package on regarding Early Detection and Prevention of Polycystic ovarian syndrome; in this study evaluative research approach was used 100 samples were drawn from population using convenient sampling technique. The data was collected by the Structured multiple-choice questionnaire; the obtained data was analyzed and interpreted by applying statistical methods. The students who willingly participate in the study was administered the tool. The study was based on Conceptual Framework based on Modified Ludwig von Bertanlaffy’s Open system theory (1968)

In the present study a total of 100 adolescence girls PUC students participated. The majority of 58 adolescent girls are 16 years old. In terms of educational background, 49 are enrolled in PCMB courses. Concerning body weight, 53 of the girls weigh between 40-45 kg. The age of menarche for 78 of the girls falls between 12 and 14 years. Notably, 87 of the adolescent girls are unaware of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Nursing Practice Utilize self-administered questionnaires to accurately assess knowledge levels. Integrate Information Education Communication into nursing practices as a means of educating adolescent girls about the early detection and prevention of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.in Nursing Education Incorporate Information Education Communication into the curriculum for nursing students to enhance their understanding of early detection and prevention of PCOS among adolescent girls. Provide training in Information Education Communication for nursing students assigned to the Gynecological department to facilitate health education. Nursing Administration Organize in-service education programs for nurses focusing on the early detection and prevention of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.in Nursing Research The study's findings can contribute to the literature on the effectiveness of Information Education Communication in enhancing knowledge about the early detection and prevention of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls. The results can serve as baseline data for future research, allowing for expansion into different areas of study.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

I extend my sincere gratitude to Prof. Indira Joseph, M. Sc(N), M. Phil, MBA(HA), Ph.D., Principal and Head of the Department of Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing at Sambhram College of Nursing, for her exceptional guidance and supervision throughout this research. I also wish to convey my heartfelt appreciation to Ms. Kanimozhi, Vice Principal of the Department of Community Health Nursing, for her encouragement and invaluable guidance as my co-guide I am genuinely thankful to all faculty members of Sambhram College of Nursing for their insightful suggestions, expert guidance, and unwavering support, which have inspired me throughout this study. I also appreciate the expert validators, Dr. Mythily, Dr. Bhavana Reddy, Dr. Ravi Shankar, Mrs. Punitha, Mrs. Asfiya Anjum, Mrs. Gayathri K.V., Mrs. Hafsa Husmani, Mrs. Sangeetha, Mrs. Golry, and Mrs. Nirmala, for their valuable time and insightful feedback in validating my research tools. And I extend my heartfelt thanks to my family and friends.

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Received on 27.11.2024         Revised on 30.12.2024

Accepted on 24.01.2025      Published on 28.02.2025

Available online from March 26, 2025

A and V Pub Int. J. of Nursing and Med. Res. 2025; 4(1):45-49.

DOI: 10.52711/ijnmr.2025.09

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